Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	15
Number of observations	4330
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	507.5 KiB
Average record size in memory	120.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	14
Categorical	1

Alerts

`recency` is highly correlated with `num_purchases` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_days_bw_purchases` is highly correlated with `num_purchases`	High correlation
`num_purchases` is highly correlated with `recency` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`frequency` is highly correlated with `recency` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`revenue` is highly correlated with `num_purchases` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`avg_ticket` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_basket_size` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`returns_revenue` is highly correlated with `avg_return_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`avg_return_revenue` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`num_returns` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`qty_returned` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`num_purchases` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`revenue` is highly correlated with `num_purchases`	High correlation
`avg_ticket` is highly correlated with `avg_basket_size`	High correlation
`avg_basket_size` is highly correlated with `avg_ticket`	High correlation
`returns_revenue` is highly correlated with `avg_return_revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_return_revenue` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`num_returns` is highly correlated with `num_purchases`	High correlation
`qty_returned` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`num_purchases` is highly correlated with `revenue`	High correlation
`revenue` is highly correlated with `num_purchases` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_ticket` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_basket_size` is highly correlated with `avg_ticket`	High correlation
`returns_revenue` is highly correlated with `avg_return_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`avg_return_revenue` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`num_returns` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`qty_returned` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`customer_id` is highly correlated with `country`	High correlation
`country` is highly correlated with `customer_id` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`recency` is highly correlated with `date_range`	High correlation
`avg_days_bw_purchases` is highly correlated with `date_range`	High correlation
`num_purchases` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`date_range` is highly correlated with `recency` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`revenue` is highly correlated with `country` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`avg_ticket` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`avg_basket_size` is highly correlated with `avg_ticket`	High correlation
`returns_revenue` is highly correlated with `avg_ticket` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`avg_return_revenue` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`num_returns` is highly correlated with `country` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`qty_returned` is highly correlated with `avg_ticket` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`frequency` is highly skewed (γ1 = 58.87555)	Skewed
`revenue` is highly skewed (γ1 = 21.52932119)	Skewed
`returns_revenue` is highly skewed (γ1 = -51.87290832)	Skewed
`avg_return_revenue` is highly skewed (γ1 = -54.11806603)	Skewed
`qty_returned` is highly skewed (γ1 = -44.92623279)	Skewed
`customer_id` has unique values	Unique
`avg_days_bw_purchases` has 1558 (36.0%) zeros	Zeros
`returns_revenue` has 2825 (65.2%) zeros	Zeros
`avg_return_revenue` has 2825 (65.2%) zeros	Zeros
`num_returns` has 2825 (65.2%) zeros	Zeros
`qty_returned` has 2825 (65.2%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-02-23 18:41:16.784834
Analysis finished	2022-02-23 18:42:35.296982
Duration	1 minute and 18.51 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.1.0
Download configuration	config.json

customer_id
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
UNIQUE

Distinct	4330
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	15300.09561

Minimum	12346
Maximum	18287
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	12346
5-th percentile	12615.45
Q1	13812.25
median	15298.5
Q3	16779.75
95-th percentile	17984.55
Maximum	18287
Range	5941
Interquartile range (IQR)	2967.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1721.908834
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1125423578
Kurtosis	-1.196324722
Mean	15300.09561
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1484
Skewness	0.002170505721
Sum	66249414
Variance	2964970.034
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17850	1	< 0.1%
15507	1	< 0.1%
17444	1	< 0.1%
15921	1	< 0.1%
15747	1	< 0.1%
15840	1	< 0.1%
15016	1	< 0.1%
14808	1	< 0.1%
12904	1	< 0.1%
15825	1	< 0.1%
Other values (4320)	4320	99.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12346	1	< 0.1%
12347	1	< 0.1%
12348	1	< 0.1%
12349	1	< 0.1%
12350	1	< 0.1%
12352	1	< 0.1%
12353	1	< 0.1%
12354	1	< 0.1%
12355	1	< 0.1%
12356	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
18287	1	< 0.1%
18283	1	< 0.1%
18282	1	< 0.1%
18281	1	< 0.1%
18280	1	< 0.1%
18278	1	< 0.1%
18277	1	< 0.1%
18276	1	< 0.1%
18274	1	< 0.1%
18273	1	< 0.1%

country
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	35
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

United Kingdom	3917
Germany	94
France	87
Spain	28
Belgium	24
Other values (30)	180

Length

Max length	20
Median length	14
Mean length	13.33325635
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	8 ?
Unique (%)	0.2%

Sample

1st row	United Kingdom
2nd row	United Kingdom
3rd row	France
4th row	United Kingdom
5th row	United Kingdom

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
United Kingdom	3917	90.5%
Germany	94	2.2%
France	87	2.0%
Spain	28	0.6%
Belgium	24	0.6%
Switzerland	20	0.5%
Portugal	19	0.4%
Italy	14	0.3%
Finland	12	0.3%
Norway	10	0.2%
Other values (25)	105	2.4%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
united	3919	47.4%
kingdom	3917	47.4%
germany	94	1.1%
france	87	1.1%
spain	28	0.3%
belgium	24	0.3%
switzerland	20	0.2%
portugal	19	0.2%
italy	14	0.2%
finland	12	0.1%
Other values (30)	128	1.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

recency
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	304
Distinct (%)	7.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	93.16143187

Minimum	1
Maximum	374
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	3
Q1	18
median	51
Q3	143
95-th percentile	312
Maximum	374
Range	373
Interquartile range (IQR)	125

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	100.2158933
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.075722982
Kurtosis	0.4189044719
Mean	93.16143187
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	40
Skewness	1.244004492
Sum	403389
Variance	10043.22526
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	103	2.4%
4	94	2.2%
5	94	2.2%
3	89	2.1%
9	79	1.8%
11	77	1.8%
18	74	1.7%
8	72	1.7%
10	70	1.6%
16	64	1.5%
Other values (294)	3514	81.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	35	0.8%
2	103	2.4%
3	89	2.1%
4	94	2.2%
5	94	2.2%
6	48	1.1%
8	72	1.7%
9	79	1.8%
10	70	1.6%
11	77	1.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
374	17	0.4%
373	17	0.4%
372	6	0.1%
370	3	0.1%
369	5	0.1%
368	5	0.1%
367	10	0.2%
366	10	0.2%
365	6	0.1%
363	6	0.1%

avg_days_bw_purchases
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	1155
Distinct (%)	26.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	50.4575875

Minimum	0
Maximum	366
Zeros	1558
Zeros (%)	36.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	31
Q3	73.15
95-th percentile	184
Maximum	366
Range	366
Interquartile range (IQR)	73.15

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	65.3019421
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.294194696
Kurtosis	4.652342813
Mean	50.4575875
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	31
Skewness	1.989512758
Sum	218481.3539
Variance	4264.343642
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1558	36.0%
70	21	0.5%
46	18	0.4%
55	17	0.4%
49	16	0.4%
31	16	0.4%
91	16	0.4%
42	15	0.3%
21	15	0.3%
35	15	0.3%
Other values (1145)	2623	60.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1558	36.0%
1	9	0.2%
2	4	0.1%
2.861538462	1	< 0.1%
3	6	0.1%
3.330357143	1	< 0.1%
3.351351351	1	< 0.1%
4	4	0.1%
4.191011236	1	< 0.1%
4.275862069	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
366	1	< 0.1%
365	1	< 0.1%
364	1	< 0.1%
363	1	< 0.1%
357	2	< 0.1%
356	1	< 0.1%
355	2	< 0.1%
352	1	< 0.1%
351	2	< 0.1%
350	3	0.1%

num_purchases
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	56
Distinct (%)	1.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.248729792

Minimum	1
Maximum	206
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	2
Q3	5
95-th percentile	13
Maximum	206
Range	205
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	7.647964746
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.800059105
Kurtosis	244.8058113
Mean	4.248729792
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	11.96826848
Sum	18397
Variance	58.49136475
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1506	34.8%
2	827	19.1%
3	501	11.6%
4	394	9.1%
5	237	5.5%
6	173	4.0%
7	139	3.2%
8	98	2.3%
9	68	1.6%
10	55	1.3%
Other values (46)	332	7.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1506	34.8%
2	827	19.1%
3	501	11.6%
4	394	9.1%
5	237	5.5%
6	173	4.0%
7	139	3.2%
8	98	2.3%
9	68	1.6%
10	55	1.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
206	1	< 0.1%
199	1	< 0.1%
124	1	< 0.1%
97	1	< 0.1%
91	1	< 0.1%
90	1	< 0.1%
86	1	< 0.1%
73	1	< 0.1%
62	2	< 0.1%
60	1	< 0.1%

date_range
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	374
Distinct (%)	8.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	186.926097

Minimum	1
Maximum	374
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	19
Q1	75
median	190
Q3	286
95-th percentile	363
Maximum	374
Range	373
Interquartile range (IQR)	211

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	115.0295314
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6153743821
Kurtosis	-1.33137384
Mean	186.926097
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	106.5
Skewness	0.01784712628
Sum	809390
Variance	13231.7931
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
366	30	0.7%
364	28	0.6%
25	26	0.6%
350	26	0.6%
65	26	0.6%
267	25	0.6%
357	25	0.6%
31	25	0.6%
365	24	0.6%
54	24	0.6%
Other values (364)	4071	94.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	10	0.2%
2	8	0.2%
3	10	0.2%
4	12	0.3%
5	10	0.2%
6	7	0.2%
7	7	0.2%
8	12	0.3%
9	6	0.1%
10	8	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
374	17	0.4%
373	21	0.5%
372	14	0.3%
371	8	0.2%
370	11	0.3%
369	11	0.3%
368	15	0.3%
367	20	0.5%
366	30	0.7%
365	24	0.6%

frequency
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	1403
Distinct (%)	32.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.04742032792

Minimum	0.002673796791
Maximum	34
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.002673796791
5-th percentile	0.003283541846
Q1	0.01025641026
median	0.01928374656
Q3	0.03559951209
95-th percentile	0.1018023643
Maximum	34
Range	33.9973262
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.02534310183

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.5371009394
Coefficient of variation (CV)	11.32638602
Kurtosis	3695.324789
Mean	0.04742032792
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.01151511188
Skewness	58.87555
Sum	205.3300199
Variance	0.2884774192
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.03846153846	27	0.6%
0.01851851852	27	0.6%
0.03225806452	24	0.6%
0.01538461538	23	0.5%
0.01960784314	23	0.5%
0.05263157895	22	0.5%
0.02127659574	22	0.5%
0.01639344262	22	0.5%
0.01923076923	21	0.5%
0.03125	20	0.5%
Other values (1393)	4099	94.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.002673796791	16	0.4%
0.002680965147	16	0.4%
0.002688172043	6	0.1%
0.002702702703	2	< 0.1%
0.0027100271	5	0.1%
0.002717391304	5	0.1%
0.00272479564	9	0.2%
0.002732240437	10	0.2%
0.002739726027	6	0.1%
0.002754820937	6	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
34	1	< 0.1%
6	1	< 0.1%
4	1	< 0.1%
2	6	0.1%
1.5	1	< 0.1%
1.333333333	2	< 0.1%
1	6	0.1%
0.6666666667	3	0.1%
0.5522788204	1	< 0.1%
0.5349462366	1	< 0.1%

revenue
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	4234
Distinct (%)	97.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1915.390737

Minimum	0
Maximum	278778.02
Zeros	10
Zeros (%)	0.2%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	108.434
Q1	298.53
median	652.77
Q3	1609.3775
95-th percentile	5648.83
Maximum	278778.02
Range	278778.02
Interquartile range (IQR)	1310.8475

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	8311.858379
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.339510587
Kurtosis	597.0067526
Mean	1915.390737
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	454.405
Skewness	21.52932119
Sum	8293641.89
Variance	69086989.72
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	10	0.2%
76.32	4	0.1%
113.5	3	0.1%
35.4	3	0.1%
15	3	0.1%
440	3	0.1%
363.65	3	0.1%
79.2	3	0.1%
590	2	< 0.1%
144	2	< 0.1%
Other values (4224)	4294	99.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	10	0.2%
1.776356839 × 10^-15	1	< 0.1%
3.552713679 × 10^-15	2	< 0.1%
1.065814104 × 10^-14	1	< 0.1%
5.684341886 × 10^-14	1	< 0.1%
2.9	1	< 0.1%
3.75	1	< 0.1%
5.9	1	< 0.1%
12.24	1	< 0.1%
12.75	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
278778.02	1	< 0.1%
259657.3	1	< 0.1%
189735.53	1	< 0.1%
133007.13	1	< 0.1%
123638.18	1	< 0.1%
114505.32	1	< 0.1%
88138.2	1	< 0.1%
65920.12	1	< 0.1%
62924.1	1	< 0.1%
59419.34	1	< 0.1%

avg_ticket
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	4228
Distinct (%)	97.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	369.8508748

Minimum	0
Maximum	13206.5
Zeros	10
Zeros (%)	0.2%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	84.73558333
Q1	173.87875
median	282.05875
Q3	420.8925
95-th percentile	890.817375
Maximum	13206.5
Range	13206.5
Interquartile range (IQR)	247.01375

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	464.7804866
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.256669967
Kurtosis	202.4962757
Mean	369.8508748
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	118.0933333
Skewness	10.63604992
Sum	1601454.288
Variance	216020.9007
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	10	0.2%
76.32	4	0.1%
79.2	3	0.1%
120	3	0.1%
440	3	0.1%
113.5	3	0.1%
35.4	3	0.1%
91.8	2	< 0.1%
299.75	2	< 0.1%
145.9	2	< 0.1%
Other values (4218)	4295	99.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	10	0.2%
1.776356839 × 10^-15	1	< 0.1%
3.552713679 × 10^-15	2	< 0.1%
1.065814104 × 10^-14	1	< 0.1%
5.684341886 × 10^-14	1	< 0.1%
1.45	1	< 0.1%
3.75	1	< 0.1%
5.9	1	< 0.1%
7.5	1	< 0.1%
9.14	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
13206.5	1	< 0.1%
9338.38	1	< 0.1%
7178.633333	1	< 0.1%
6207.67	1	< 0.1%
6181.909	1	< 0.1%
4873.81	1	< 0.1%
4366.78	1	< 0.1%
4327.621667	1	< 0.1%
4314.72	1	< 0.1%
4151.26	1	< 0.1%

avg_basket_size
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2248
Distinct (%)	51.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	202.2964272

Minimum	-101
Maximum	12540
Zeros	12
Zeros (%)	0.3%
Negative	2
Negative (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-101
5-th percentile	29
Q1	79.72321429
median	139.5
Q3	236
95-th percentile	524.1833333
Maximum	12540
Range	12641
Interquartile range (IQR)	156.2767857

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	328.4922066
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.623816155
Kurtosis	546.3530981
Mean	202.2964272
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	71
Skewness	17.76525474
Sum	875943.5298
Variance	107907.1298
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
120	19	0.4%
72	18	0.4%
64	17	0.4%
44	16	0.4%
136	16	0.4%
144	16	0.4%
146	15	0.3%
60	15	0.3%
88	15	0.3%
106	15	0.3%
Other values (2238)	4168	96.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-101	1	< 0.1%
-44	1	< 0.1%
0	12	0.3%
0.25	1	< 0.1%
0.6666666667	1	< 0.1%
1	2	< 0.1%
2	4	0.1%
3	4	0.1%
3.333333333	1	< 0.1%
4	7	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12540	1	< 0.1%
7824	1	< 0.1%
4300	1	< 0.1%
4280	1	< 0.1%
3218.416667	1	< 0.1%
3028	1	< 0.1%
2924	1	< 0.1%
2880	1	< 0.1%
2708	1	< 0.1%
2663.945946	1	< 0.1%

avg_unique_prods
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	1001
Distinct (%)	23.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	21.61451109

Minimum	1
Maximum	297.8823529
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	2.833333333
Q1	9.333333333
median	16.85164835
Q3	27.75
95-th percentile	56
Maximum	297.8823529
Range	296.8823529
Interquartile range (IQR)	18.41666667

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	19.46549533
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.9005753239
Kurtosis	23.82936249
Mean	21.61451109
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	8.451648352
Skewness	3.295843514
Sum	93590.83303
Variance	378.9055084
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	101	2.3%
13	98	2.3%
10	88	2.0%
11	82	1.9%
9	81	1.9%
14	74	1.7%
7	73	1.7%
6	72	1.7%
8	72	1.7%
5	71	1.6%
Other values (991)	3518	81.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	101	2.3%
1.2	1	< 0.1%
1.25	1	< 0.1%
1.333333333	2	< 0.1%
1.5	9	0.2%
1.545454545	1	< 0.1%
1.571428571	1	< 0.1%
1.666666667	4	0.1%
1.833333333	1	< 0.1%
1.888888889	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
297.8823529	1	< 0.1%
259	1	< 0.1%
219	1	< 0.1%
191	1	< 0.1%
171	1	< 0.1%
155	1	< 0.1%
153	1	< 0.1%
148	2	< 0.1%
141	1	< 0.1%
135.3333333	1	< 0.1%

returns_revenue
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	1064
Distinct (%)	24.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-108.6655543

Minimum	-168469.6
Maximum	0
Zeros	2825
Zeros (%)	65.2%
Negative	1505
Negative (%)	34.8%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-168469.6
5-th percentile	-147.2635
Q1	-14.835
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	0
Maximum	0
Range	168469.6
Interquartile range (IQR)	14.835

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2859.293216
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-26.31278361
Kurtosis	2900.915238
Mean	-108.6655543
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	-51.87290832
Sum	-470521.85
Variance	8175557.693
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2825	65.2%
-12.75	20	0.5%
-4.95	19	0.4%
-15	17	0.4%
-9.95	17	0.4%
-5.9	12	0.3%
-25.5	11	0.3%
-19.8	10	0.2%
-4.25	10	0.2%
-3.75	9	0.2%
Other values (1054)	1380	31.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-168469.6	1	< 0.1%
-77183.6	1	< 0.1%
-22998.4	1	< 0.1%
-14688.24	1	< 0.1%
-8511.15	1	< 0.1%
-7443.59	1	< 0.1%
-5228.4	1	< 0.1%
-4815.26	1	< 0.1%
-4814.74	1	< 0.1%
-4486.24	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2825	65.2%
-0.42	2	< 0.1%
-0.65	1	< 0.1%
-0.95	1	< 0.1%
-1.25	4	0.1%
-1.45	4	0.1%
-1.64	1	< 0.1%
-1.65	5	0.1%
-1.7	2	< 0.1%
-1.79	1	< 0.1%

avg_return_revenue
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	1110
Distinct (%)	25.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-66.59022209

Minimum	-168469.6
Maximum	0
Zeros	2825
Zeros (%)	65.2%
Negative	1505
Negative (%)	34.8%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-168469.6
5-th percentile	-30
Q1	-6.6125
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	0
Maximum	0
Range	168469.6
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.6125

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2816.97859
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-42.30318658
Kurtosis	3081.3908
Mean	-66.59022209
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	-54.11806603
Sum	-288335.6616
Variance	7935368.375
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2825	65.2%
-12.75	23	0.5%
-4.95	21	0.5%
-9.95	20	0.5%
-15	17	0.4%
-3.75	10	0.2%
-4.25	10	0.2%
-17	9	0.2%
-7.5	9	0.2%
-5.9	9	0.2%
Other values (1100)	1377	31.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-168469.6	1	< 0.1%
-77183.6	1	< 0.1%
-4599.68	1	< 0.1%
-1605.086667	1	< 0.1%
-1591.2	1	< 0.1%
-833.25	1	< 0.1%
-687.82	1	< 0.1%
-638.6191304	1	< 0.1%
-594	1	< 0.1%
-581.4	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2825	65.2%
-0.42	2	< 0.1%
-0.65	1	< 0.1%
-0.82	1	< 0.1%
-0.95	1	< 0.1%
-1.05	1	< 0.1%
-1.075	1	< 0.1%
-1.116666667	1	< 0.1%
-1.25	5	0.1%
-1.38	1	< 0.1%

num_returns
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	58
Distinct (%)	1.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.949191686

Minimum	0
Maximum	223
Zeros	2825
Zeros (%)	65.2%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	1
95-th percentile	9
Maximum	223
Range	223
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	7.219247747
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.703713596
Kurtosis	284.2138811
Mean	1.949191686
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	13.27905964
Sum	8440
Variance	52.11753804
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2825	65.2%
1	476	11.0%
2	284	6.6%
3	172	4.0%
4	117	2.7%
5	83	1.9%
6	53	1.2%
7	52	1.2%
8	41	0.9%
11	24	0.6%
Other values (48)	203	4.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2825	65.2%
1	476	11.0%
2	284	6.6%
3	172	4.0%
4	117	2.7%
5	83	1.9%
6	53	1.2%
7	52	1.2%
8	41	0.9%
9	18	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
223	1	< 0.1%
133	1	< 0.1%
112	1	< 0.1%
111	1	< 0.1%
101	1	< 0.1%
92	1	< 0.1%
90	1	< 0.1%
81	1	< 0.1%
78	1	< 0.1%
70	1	< 0.1%

qty_returned
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	216
Distinct (%)	5.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-61.92748268

Minimum	-80995
Maximum	0
Zeros	2825
Zeros (%)	65.2%
Negative	1505
Negative (%)	34.8%
Memory size	34.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-80995
5-th percentile	-59.55
Q1	-3
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	0
Maximum	0
Range	80995
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1691.089558
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-27.30757792
Kurtosis	2066.254091
Mean	-61.92748268
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	-44.92623279
Sum	-268146
Variance	2859783.894
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2825	65.2%
-1	169	3.9%
-2	150	3.5%
-3	105	2.4%
-4	89	2.1%
-6	78	1.8%
-5	61	1.4%
-12	52	1.2%
-7	44	1.0%
-8	43	1.0%
Other values (206)	714	16.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-80995	1	< 0.1%
-74215	1	< 0.1%
-9360	1	< 0.1%
-9014	1	< 0.1%
-8004	1	< 0.1%
-4427	1	< 0.1%
-3768	1	< 0.1%
-3332	1	< 0.1%
-2878	1	< 0.1%
-2022	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2825	65.2%
-1	169	3.9%
-2	150	3.5%
-3	105	2.4%
-4	89	2.1%
-5	61	1.4%
-6	78	1.8%
-7	44	1.0%
-8	43	1.0%
-9	41	0.9%

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	customer_id	country	recency	avg_days_bw_purchases	num_purchases	date_range	frequency	revenue	avg_ticket	avg_basket_size	avg_unique_prods	returns_revenue	avg_return_revenue	num_returns	qty_returned
0	17850	United Kingdom	373	1.000000	34	1	34.000000	5288.63	155.547941	48.371429	8.735294	-102.58	-6.838667	15.0	-40.0
1	13047	United Kingdom	57	52.833333	9	317	0.028391	3089.10	343.233333	84.687500	19.000000	-143.49	-6.238696	23.0	-35.0
2	12583	France	3	26.500000	15	371	0.040431	6629.34	441.956000	292.823529	15.466667	-76.04	-25.346667	3.0	-50.0
3	13748	United Kingdom	96	92.666667	5	278	0.017986	948.25	189.650000	87.800000	5.600000	0.00	0.000000	0.0	0.0
4	15100	United Kingdom	334	20.000000	3	40	0.075000	635.10	211.700000	9.666667	1.000000	-240.90	-80.300000	3.0	-22.0
5	15291	United Kingdom	26	26.769231	14	348	0.040230	4551.51	325.107857	109.105263	7.285714	-71.79	-11.965000	6.0	-29.0
6	14688	United Kingdom	8	19.263158	21	366	0.057377	5107.38	243.208571	119.333333	15.285714	-523.49	-16.359063	32.0	-399.0
7	17809	United Kingdom	17	39.666667	12	357	0.033613	5344.85	445.404167	144.000000	5.083333	-67.06	-33.530000	2.0	-41.0
8	15311	United Kingdom	1	4.191011	91	373	0.243968	59419.34	652.959780	319.661017	25.901099	-1348.56	-12.040714	112.0	-474.0
9	16098	United Kingdom	88	47.666667	7	286	0.024476	2005.63	286.518571	87.571429	9.428571	0.00	0.000000	0.0	0.0

Last rows

	customer_id	country	recency	num_purchases	date_range	frequency	revenue	avg_ticket	avg_basket_size	avg_unique_prods	returns_revenue	avg_return_revenue	num_returns	qty_returned
4320	16000	United Kingdom	3	3	3	1.000000	12393.70	4131.233333	1703.333333	3.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4321	15195	United Kingdom	3	1	3	0.333333	3861.00	3861.000000	1404.000000	1.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4322	14087	United Kingdom	3	1	3	0.333333	181.67	181.670000	125.000000	61.0	-12.75	-12.75	1.0	-1.0
4323	14204	United Kingdom	3	1	3	0.333333	161.03	161.030000	82.000000	36.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4324	15471	United Kingdom	3	1	3	0.333333	469.48	469.480000	266.000000	67.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4325	13436	United Kingdom	2	1	2	0.500000	196.89	196.890000	76.000000	12.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4326	15520	United Kingdom	2	1	2	0.500000	343.50	343.500000	314.000000	18.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4327	13298	United Kingdom	2	1	2	0.500000	360.00	360.000000	96.000000	2.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4328	14569	United Kingdom	2	1	2	0.500000	227.39	227.390000	79.000000	10.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4329	12713	Germany	1	1	1	1.000000	794.55	794.550000	505.000000	37.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows